Gaba biyu na 10 na kammala ta yin gurba na distribution transformer da kuma yadda za a tsara su

Transformers na gina sun zama daga cikin abubuwan da ke ciki da muhimmanci da kuma da karami a cikin power systems. Fasalinsu zai iya haifar da karamin kudin da karamin kafin wani lokaci, wanda ke nufin cewa condition monitoring da fault diagnosis suka zama babu tushen da suka zama mafi kyawawan amincewar ayyukan su. Wani daga cikin abubuwan da ke gaba daya — da kuma da za a kare — wanda ke taka da distribution transformer suna yanzu da kari.

Talabbarin sun nuna cewa tsarin kariya na transformer ya zama kusa da yawa a cikin 6°C zuwa 10°C idan ya fi yadda aka saba. A cikin 80°C zuwa 140°C, yadda kariya ta daga tsohon zaman lafiya na transformer ta zama "matsayi biyu" a cikin kowane 6°C na fi yadda aka saba. Wannan rubutu ya bayani akan goma wadanda suka yi amfani da kariya na transformer da yawa kuma ya ba mu hanyoyin amfani da kariya da yawa.

Kariya na transformer yake hada idan yadda na farko — wanda ke nufin yadda na oil na farko ko yadda na winding hot spot — ta fi yadda akwai a standarndi kamar IEEE C57.91 ko IEC 60076-7. Kariya ta daga:

• I²R losses (copper losses) a cikin windings

• Core losses (hysteresis da eddy currents)

• Stray losses a cikin tank da metal support structures

Idan system na kariya ba za’a iya kariya wannan kariya da yawa don zama mafi kyau, yadda suke fi, kariya ta daga tsohon zaman lafiya ta zama mafi kyau kuma ta iya haifar da fuskantar da kariya.

1. Overloading mai zama mafi kyau

Yawan aiki yana daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da gazawar mai canzawa. Sa'ad da wani mai canja wuri ya yi aiki fiye da yadda aka ba shi izinin yin aiki na dogon lokaci, yana haifar da zafi da yawa da ke raunana kayan kwanciyar hankali, yana lalata sassan ciki, kuma yana rage yawan aiki.

A yankunan karkara, al'ada ce ta haɗa ƙarin nauyin lantarki bisa ga mafi yawan buƙatun da aka rubuta a wani lokaci, ba tare da la'akari da canjin yanayi da kuma ainihin abubuwan bambancin ba. Ƙarin wutar lantarki da ba a yarda da ita ba ma zai iya sa a yi amfani da shi sosai.

Yadda za a hana cutar: Aiwatar da tsarin sarrafa kaya, saka idanu kan tsananin bukatar, da kuma la'akari da dabarun caji da aka sarrafa don hade EV. Bincike ya nuna cewa caji mai kaifin baki na iya rage nauyin ganiya har zuwa kashi 39% kuma ya tsawaita rayuwar mai canzawa kusan sau goma sha biyar.

2. Ka yi tunani a kan wannan. Rashin daidaiton ƙarfin lantarki

Rashin daidaiton ƙarfin lantarki yana haifar da raƙuman ruwa na mummunan tsari wanda ke haifar da filin magnetic na baya, wanda ke haifar da ƙarin zafi a cikin windings. Ko da rashin daidaiton ƙarfin lantarki na 3% na iya haifar da kimanin 20% karuwa a cikin yawan zafin jiki.

Yadda za a hana cutar: Daidaita nauyin lokaci guda a cikin dukkanin matakai uku a lokacin tsara tsarin. A kai a kai ka lura da ƙarfin lantarki da kuma ƙarfin lantarki.

3. Ka yi tunani a kan wannan. Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙar

Ayyukan lantarki na lantarki kamar masu caji na EV, masu motsawa masu canji, da hasken LED suna jan wutar lantarki mara amfani. Ta amfani da nazarin Fourier, ana iya bayyana raƙuman da aka gurbata a matsayin jimlar haɗin haɗin kai mitar da ke da cikakkiyar ma'auni na yawan ma'aunin ma'auni.

Rashin halin yanzu na eddy da ke faruwa a cikin windings da sauran sassan tsarin da aka haɗa ta hanyar kwararar kwararar mai canzawa yana ƙaruwa sosai tare da harmonics. Abubuwan da ke cikin mafi girman mitar a cikin cajin wutar lantarki an san su da haɓaka asarar mai canzawa, wanda ke haifar da yanayin zafin jiki na ciki da yiwuwar keta iyakokin ɗaukar zafi.

Muhimmanci na yanzu: Harmonics na uku (3rd, 9th, da sauransu) su kawo a cikin conductor na neutral, wanda ya zama sabon sababbin yin gurba.

Yadda za a hana cutar: Sanya harmonic filters, shigar da transformers na K-factor ga loads na ba tare da linear, kuma yin harmonic analysis a lokacin rarraba system.

4. Radiators / Cooling Fins da aka tsara

Dust, bird nests, debris, ko vegetation su tsara cooling fins, wanda ya zama sabon sababbi na yin gurba. A simple layer of dirt zai iya gyara efficiency na yin gurba ta hanyar natural convection.

Yadda za a hana cutar: Shirya radiator fins da cooling ducts a matsayin kafin kafin. Ga lokaci da yana da harsh ko contaminated, an yi shirya da shiryar kafin kafin a shekara ta biyu.

5. Yadda oil ce da ke ƙarami ko yadda quality na oil ce da ke yawa

Yadda oil ce da ke ƙarami ya zama sabon sababbi na windings su daga gaba da yin gurba. Ya zama sabon sababbi na yin gurba ta hanyar moisture ingress, wanda ya zama sabon sababbi na yin gurba, ya zama sabon sababbi na yin gurba, da ya zama sabon sababbi na yin gurba a cikin windings, wanda ya zama sabon sababbi na yin gurba a cikin oil circulation ducts.

Yadda za a hana cutar: Tsausayi kudin yaki ta amma. Yi amfani da BDV (oil breakdown voltage) ta amma — BDV ya kamata ya fi 30 kV (matsayin gaba daya) a tsakanin 2.5mm. Idan BDV ya zama ƙasa daga wannan kudin, za a buƙata faltar yaki ko sauya shi.

6. Fans da pumps na kuskuren koyon yaki (sistemun ONAN/ONAF)

Don transformerai da suka yi amfani da koyon yaki ta hanyar hawa ko yaki (ONAF, OFAF), kuskuren fans ko pumps suka rage koyon yaki, wanda ke taka cikin lokacin da koyon yaki ta zama ƙarfi sosai a rana mai koyon yaki.

Yadda za a hana cutar: Yi amfani da fans da controls na thermos ta amma. Tabbata kuwa da filters a cikin kusurorin da suka ci gaba su na sarrafa.

7. Kuskuren na short-circuit da kuskuren na winding

Short circuits na gaba daga baya suna haɗa koyon electromagnetic wanda ke iya zama sababinda kuskuren na winding. Daga baya, kuskuren kusa ne ke kare ducts na yaki, wanda ke haɗa hot spots na kusa. Short circuits na kusa da overvoltages da suka fito daga kuskuren na sistem suna kashe transformerai.

Yadda za a hana cutar: Yi zama da kare ta hanyar taimaka wajen kula da tsawon yin fuskantar. Yi amfani da FRA (Frequency Response Analysis) don gano yin fuskantar na kofa a lokacin yin kula.

8. Karamin Tashin Kura & Karamin Kura

Karamin tashin kura na kuran kura ana imanin shi da 'Degree of Polymerization' (DP). Kuran kura mai zuwa yana da DP na 1000; karamin kura ya faru idan ya cika zuwa 500, kuma tashin kura ana kira shi da 'end-of-life' idan DP ya cika zuwa 250.

Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) ya nuna yin karamin kura na tashin kura da karamin kura na yin kura. Idan yin karamin kura ya cika zuwa, nisba na gas na hydrocarbon su yi canji a matsayin CH₄ → C₂H₆ → C₂H₄ → C₂H₂. Don yin karamin kura mai zuwa da yawa da yawa da 700°C, DGA ya ba mu alama na farko da kyau.

Yadda za a hana cutar: Yi DGA a matsayin daidai. Gano canjin yin karamin kura ya nuna yin karamin kura da yawa, wanda ke ba mu damu da yin kula a lokacin da ke cikin zaman.

9. Karamin Kura na Kofa ko Kofa na Yawa

Ƙarƙashin ƙuƙwalwa, haɗuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta, ko kuma rashin ƙarewar ƙarewa suna haifar da zafi. Wannan galibi ana iya gani ta hanyar binciken zafi wuraren zafi a cikin bushings, masu canza tap, ko tashoshi suna nuna haɗin haɗin ƙarfi.

Yadda za a hana cutar: A rika yin hoton zafi a kowane rabin shekara. Bincika don ƙuntatawa na haɗin HV-LV goro-bolt kowace shekara.

- Da kyau. Zazzabi Mai Girma da Hasken Rana

Lokacin da zafin jiki na yanayi ya wuce tushen zane na 40 °C, bambancin zafin jiki tsakanin mai canzawa da iska mai kewaye yana raguwa, yana rage yawan sanyaya. Masu rarraba kayan aiki a yankunan karkara suna da matukar damuwa ga yanayin yanayi, ciki har da hasken rana mai yawa.

Yadda za a hana cutar: Ka saka kayan inuwa don hana hasken rana kai tsaye. Tabbatar da isasshen iska a kusa da mai canzawa. Don shigarwa masu mahimmanci, la'akari da samar da ƙarin sanyaya iska a lokacin matsanancin zafi.

Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA)

DGA shi ne ƙarshen da aminci, kuma yana amfani da wani hanyar fahimtar abin da ke cikin gaba daya. Kamar yadda yake a daga cikin kariya na kafin da suka yi kariya, yana zama da gaso na kariya wanda suka taka cikin kariya. Ta hanyar analaizin da kammalinsu da kammalin gaso a cikin kariya, akwai yawa da imkani in fahimci yadda yake abin da ke cikin kariya da kammalinsu.

Hanyoyin DGA na muhimmi:

• Rogers Ratios

• Doernenburg Ratios

• Basic Gas Ratios

• Duval Triangle Method

Wadannan hanyoyi zasu iya fara farko bayan abin da ke cikin kariya ta hanyar yadda yake da kariya mai kyau, abin da ke cikin kariya ta hanyar yadda yake da kariya mai kyau, da kuma abin da ke cikin kariya ta hanyar yadda yake da kariya mai kyau.

Infrared Thermography

Karin kariya ta nuna abubuwan da suka fi kariya ta hanyar yadda yake da kariya mai kyau, kariya mai kyau, ko kariya mai kyau. Kuji kariya ta hanyar yadda yake da kariya mai kyau da kariya ta hanyar yadda yake da kariya mai kyau, kuma kuji kariya ta hanyar yadda yake da kariya mai kyau.

Winding Hot Spot Monitoring

Fiber optic na'urori masu auna sigina a cikin windings samar da mafi m zafi tabo zafin jiki ji. Duk da cewa yana da tsada, wannan ya zama dole don fahimtar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar

• Tsawon lokaci	Amfani na Sabunta
  A kowane wata	Duba man fetur matakin a conservator Rubuta kalmominin yadda za a samu ƙarfi na yin gurbi Kunna don sautin da ba su dace ba
  Kowane 3shekara	Sanya kofin gurbi da kofin yin gurbi Dubawa don dusti da rusti a cikin jini na transformer
  A kowane shekara	Yi gwajin juriya na rufi (min. 100 MΩ HV, 50 MΩ LV a 50 °C) Gwajin BDV mai (30 kV da ake buƙata) Kara bushings donya kura ko alama na flash Karya dukkan haɗa na HV-LV Kara kariya na tank body a biyu nau'ikan Kara baya don fuga na yaki ko kariya
  Kowace hudu shekara	Kara yadda mai zuwa na yaki (DGA, furfural, ruwa) Kara DP (Degree of Polymerization) na kariya na kofin

Tambaya 1: Wani ne babban sabuwar yadda transformer ya zama yawa?

Amsa 1: Kafin kafin yadda ya zama yawa ne babban sabuwar. Yadda transformer a cikin kafin kafin da ke cikin kafin kafin ya zama yawa, ya zama yawa, ya kara kariya na kofin da ya kara kariya na kofin.

Tambaya 2: Yadda kariya na yaki ta fuskanta yadda transformer ya zama yawa?

Amsa 2: Daga cikin 3% kariya na yaki zai iya zama yawa da 20% kariya na yaki don sabuwar kariya na yaki na kariya na kofin da ke zama yawa na kariya na kofin na kofin.

Sawal 3: Wani yadda harmonics suka yi aikin kafin gudunmawa na transformer?

Amsa 3: Harmonic currents daga abubuwan da suka shiga aiki na power-electronic suka saita eddy current losses ta hanyar yawa. Triplen harmonics (3rd, 9th, da sauransu) suka kawo a cikin neutral conductor, wanda ya saita kafin gudunmawa ta hanyar yawa wato ba ta fuskantar da fundamental frequency losses ba.

Sawal 4: Yaya yanzu za a yi oil testing?

Amsa 4: Oil BDV testing za a yi ta kowace shekara, kuma BDV values za su biyu ne da yawa daga 30 kV (average) a 2.5mm gap. Idan suka raba wannan threshold, zai bukata oil filtration ko kuma sauya.

Sawal 5: Wani yadda Degree of Polymerization (DP) ya kashe?

Amsa 5: DP ya nufi kafin gudunmawa na insulation paper. New paper yana da DP na ~1000; kafin gudunmawa ya faru a 500, kuma end-of-life ya faru a 250. DGA testing da kuma trend monitoring suna taimaka wajen preventive maintenance ta hanyar yawa.

Kusantarwa a cikin transformer na bayanai ba ta daga daya kuma babu — amma yana da damar tashin kusan kafin kusantarwa, kusantarwa na gaba daya, da kusantarwa na jihar da ke cikin. 80% na kusantarwa zai iya raba da kusantarwa na kafin kusantarwa da kusantarwa na kuskure na kusantarwa.

Wani abu mafi mahimmanci don kuskurewa zaman lafiya na transformer shi ne:

1. Gudanar da yadda suka kusantarwa da kusantarwa na kafin kusantarwa

2. Gudanar da zaki da kusantarwa na kusantarwa

3. Gudanar da system na kusantarwa

4. Kuskurewa sosai da alama na kusantarwa na farko

Daga wani abu mafi mahimmanci don kuskurewa zaman lafiya na transformer shi ne: Gudanar da yadda suka kusantarwa da kusantarwa na kafin kusantarwa, Gudanar da zaki da kusantarwa na kusantarwa, Gudanar da system na kusantarwa, Kuskurewa sosai da alama na kusantarwa na farko. Daga wani abu mafi mahimmanci don kuskurewa zaman lafiya na transformer shi ne: Gudanar da yadda suka kusantarwa da kusantarwa na kafin kusantarwa, Gudanar da zaki da kusantarwa na kusantarwa, Gudanar da system na kusantarwa, Kuskurewa sosai da alama na kusantarwa na farko.