ONAN da ONAF: Bayani Daya ga Sistemin Na Kula Na Transformer Na Yadda Ta Daga Zaki

Yi amfani da tarihin da kaiyoyin nafta shin ya daga abubuwan da ke taka muhimmin cewa ya zama shi da fuskanci, yadda ya ke ci gaba da kusurin aiki. Wannan alama ta ba da kuma kuma kuma biyu na suka gudanen hanyoyin da aka amfani da su a lokacin yamma — ONAN (Oil Natural Air Natural) da ONAF (Oil Natural Air Forced) — don tabbatawa da za a yi amfani da shi.

1. Me ya sa Transformaɗa mai kaiyayyaci Ya bukata suka gudanen

Transformers suna ne na wani abu mai kyau a system na karamin karami, suka canza farko na karami don tabbatawa da karamin karami da karamin karami. Amma wannan aiki ba shi da 100% kuma. karamin ƙarfi (karamin ƙarfi a wani lokaci) da karamin koperu (karamin ƙarfi a lokacin yin amfani) yana samun gari mai ƙarfi.

Wannan gari ba ta zama babban abu ne — shi ne babban abu da ke hanyar taka tsawon lokacin ƙarfi na transformer. Sistemin ƙarfi na transformer, wanda ke taka a cikin oil-impregnated cellulose paper, ya dace sosai a lokacin da aka sa ya ƙarfi. A matsayin saratu, yawan ƙarfi na insulation ya duba a cikin ƙarfi na hot-spot a ƙarfi na 6°C . Gari mai ƙarfi yana iya nemo:

• Karamin ƙarfi na insulation da karamin lokacin ƙarfi
• Samun sludge da asidi wanda suka dace kwalitas na oil
• Karamin yadda yake da karamin gari a lokacin da aka sa ya ƙarfi
• Karamin fayilin da ke nemo karamin ƙarfi da karamin kudin da ke nemo

Kwallon ƙarfi na yadda ake tsayar da wani abu shi ne muna yin amfani da shi don karewa cikin yadda ake tsayar da wani abu, don gano kariya da kuma don samun zaman lissafi na 25 zuwa 30 shekara na transformer na kudin kariya.

2. ONAN Na kwallon ƙarfi — Oil Natural Air Natural

ONAN (Oil Natural Air Natural) shi ne ƙwararren kwallon ƙarfi da ke amfani da shi a yau da kullum don transformer na kudin kariya da kuma transformer na kudin kariya na yawa. Ya ke taka hanyar kwallon ƙarfi na yawa — ba a neman fans, pumps ko wasu abubuwa na yawa.

2.1 Yadda ONAN Na Kwallon Ƙarfi Ta Yi Aiki

Kwallon ƙarfi ya ke taka da kwallon ƙarfi na yawa (tsarin thermosiphon) :

1. Yadda Ƙarfi Ta Yi Aiki: Wadannan kofa da kuma kofa na transformer suka yi ƙarfi a lokacin aiki.
2. Zaɓi na oil: Oil mai ƙarfi ya zama ƙarfi kuma ya ci gaba da tank.
3. Kuwana Tsohuwa: Alkali mai gaba yana zama ga radiators na gaba (ko kwayoyin kuwana), inda yana bada tsohuwa zuwa wasu daga cikin hawa ta radiators.
4. Kuwana da Koma: Alkali mai kuwa yana zama mai ƙarfi, yana koma ga baya na tanki, da yana gudunma wannan shugaban.

Wannan hanyar yana ta buoyancy-driven kuma ba za a amfani da wani abu na gaba don kuwana ba.

2.2 Fidduwa na ONAN Cooling

• Babu Abubuwan Da Su Ka Yi Aiki: Babu fans ko pumps, wadanda suka nufi babu kansa na kuzari na aiki. Wannan yana nufi ƙarfin ƙarfi da karamin zaman da ake yi amfani da shi.
• Amfani da Saita: Ba tare da hayaniyar fan ba, masu canzawa na ONAN sun dace da wuraren zama, asibitoci, da kayan aiki masu saurin sauti. Matsayin amo yawanci ≤55 dB.
• Ƙananan Ƙarin Ƙimar Mallaka: Babu amfani da wutar lantarki, ƙananan kulawa (gwajin man fetur na shekara-shekara), da ƙananan farashin jari na farko idan aka kwatanta da tsarin sanyaya.
• Amincewar Na'illan: Wannan fasaha tana da tarihin aiki fiye da karni kuma an fahimta sosai.

2.3 Rashin amfani da ONAN Cooling

• Ƙuntataccen ƙarfin sanyaya: Ingancin sanyaya mai sanyaya ya fi ƙasa, yana sa ONAN bai dace da manyan masu canzawa ba. Matsakaicin ƙarfin aiki na yau da kullun ya kai 2530 MVA.
• Rashin aiki a cikin yanayin zafi: A yanayin zafin jiki na sama da 30 °C, masu canzawa na ONAN na iya buƙatar ragewa (rage ƙarfin) da kashi 20-30% don kauce wa overheating.
• Girman jiki mafi girma: Don Allahi da aka bayyana suka buƙata radiators mai ƙarami a yadda suka buƙata don ONAN kuma suka buƙata ƙaramin wani ƙarƙashin da aka saba wa suka buƙata don forced-cooled designs.

2.4 Maimaita Na'ura Don ONAN Cooling

• Distribution transformers ta hanyar 30 MVA
• Rural substations da residential areas wanda noise yana da shawara
• Base-load applications daga cikin wani ƙarƙashin da aka saba wa suka buƙata don steady, predictable loads
• Facilities wanda maintenance staff suna da karamin yadda suka buƙata

3. ONAF Cooling Method — Oil Natural Air Forced

ONAF (Oil Natural Air Forced) ya zama ƙananan ONAN principle ta hanyar ƙara electric fans zuwa radiators. Oil zai yi circulation natural ta hanyar convection, amma forced airflow daga fans zai taimaka da yawa don heat dissipation.

3.1 Yaya ONAF Cooling Ya Shi

5. Kudin Zaki Mai Tsoro: Kamar a ONAN, zaki mai tsoro ya taka daga karama zuwa karama ta hanyar tsoro na thermosiphon.
6. Kudin Zaki Mai Tsoro Ta Karama: Karama mai tsoro na elektriki suna cikin karama ta karama suka ci gaba na karama ta karama, wanda ya ƙara yawa ƙarfi na kudin zaki mai tsoro da kudin zaki mai tsoro.
7. Kudin Zaki Mai Tsoro Ta Karama: Karama suka shiga ta hanyar sensor na yadda kuma yadda da karama na karama ya taka. Suna cire kamar yadda kudin zaki mai tsoro ba ne da aiki ba, wanda ya ƙara yawa amfani da karama.

Wannan shine kudin zaki mai tsoro na karama wanda ya ba da kudin zaki mai tsoro na karama ba tare da karama na zaki mai tsoro.

3.2 Kudin Zaki Mai Tsoro na ONAF Cooling

• Kwayar Zuba na Farko: ONAF ta sabauni kwayar zuba na 25–40% ta hanyar ONAN. Wannan ya sa transformer ya iya shugumin koyin masu yawa ba tare da fitowa a cikin kwayar zuba.
• Fasahar Kewaye na Dua: Kadara daga suka gano transformer na kudin amana suna da fasahar kewaye (misali: 40/50 MVA ONAN/ONAF). Su ke aiki a tsarin ONAN wanda ke kuma kuma, da kuma kuma kuma, a koyin baya, kuma su ke canza zuwa tsarin ONAF a lokacin da koyin yawa.
• Kwayar Zuba na Koyin: Kwayar zuba na koyin ta fuskanta a cikin kwayar transformer:
  • A wani kwayar 2500 kVA: ~15% kwayar zuba a tsarin ONAF
  • 2500–10,000 kVA: ~25% kwayar zuba
  • Za a iya ƙara 33% (ONAF1), ko 67% idan aka saita kuma fan ɗaya na biyu (ONAF2) wajen ƙwayar ƙarfi na ƙasa da 10,000 kVA
• Mafi kyau don yadda za a yi amfani da shi: Mafi kyau don amfanin da ke cikin yadda ya kashe kuma yadda ya dace da rukuni na farko ko na biyu.

3.3 Kuskuren ONAF Cooling

• Kuskure na sauya: Fan su ke cikin abubuwan da suka tsayi (bearings, motors) wanda suka bukata fahimtar da sauyawa ta hanyar tattaunawa (ta yamma akan 7 zuwa 10 shekara).
• Kuskuren yadda za a yi amfani da shi: Yadda fan suke aiki yana cire ƙarfin gaba (≈1–3 kW/h) kuma yana kara kuskuren yadda za a yi amfani da shi dibé da ONAN mai sauƙi.
• Ƙirƙirin: Fan su ke cire ƙirƙirin a cikin ƙwayar 55–65 dB(A). Idan yana dace da al'adu na industriya, zai iya haifar da kuskure a cikin al'adu na madari ko al'adu na mutane.
• Kamatawa ga Gwamnati na Kasa: Matsa suka bukatar kudin gaba daya daidai don aiki.

3.4 Maimaitaccen Samunin ONAF

• Matsa na tsarin kudin wani (30–100 MVA)
• Gwamnatin kasa da al'adu na kasuwanci da kudin wani ta hanyar yawa
• Samunin biyu wanda ya bukatar kudin wani na rabi ko kudin wani ta hanyar bukatun
• Samunin matsa wanda yana bukatar kudin wani

4. ONAN vs ONAF — Tabularin Farko

5. Bayanin da aka sabauni (FAQ)

Tambaya 1: Shin maki na oil immersed iya samu ONAN da ONAF? Ee. Wannan an ce shi ne maki na biyu kuma yana daidai ga makin suka gudanen. Yadda ake gudanen ta hanyar ONAN. Lokacin da yadda ake gudanen ya taka, fans suna gudanen don samun yadda ake gudanen ta hanyar ONAF (misali: 40/50 MVA ONAN/ONAF).

Tambaya 2: Yadda yawa yadda ake gudanen ta hanyar ONAF ya ƙara daga ONAN?

Yadda ake gudanen ta hanyar ONAF ta fata daga wani maki zuwa wani: ta hanyar 15% ga makin kuku, 25% ga makin wasu, kuma 33–67% ga makin wadanda suka fi 10 MVA.

Tambaya 3: Wane daga wannan hanyoyin gudanen ya fi dacewa ga maki na oil?

ONAN ya fi dacewa saboda yana da wani abu mai ƙarfi kuma ba za a iya samun ƙarfin ƙarfi ba. ONAF ya saba da fans wanda suka buƙata inganta kuma za su iya gudan, amma suka zama mafi kyawawan da aka shiga.

Tambaya na 4: Wane ne mafi ƙaranci — ONAN ko ONAF?

ONAN yana da ƙarancin bayani na farko kuma bayanin amfani . ONAF yana da ƙarancin bayani na farko (15–20%) kuma bayanin amfani na duniya (kudin fans, inganta).

Tambaya na 5: Yaya za a zahiri tsarin ONAN da ONAF?

Yi amfani da tsarin bayanin kudin, yadda ƙarfi ta fuskanci, kudin kuma inganta na fans, da kuma tsarin inganta. Don kudin da yake da tsari na farko a yankin da ke da ƙarfi mai rarraba, ONAN shine mafi kyawawan. Don kudin da yake da tsari na farko wanda ke buƙatar kudin mai ƙarfi a lokacin da ke cikin tsari, ONAN/ONAF ta hanyar daidai suna da mafi kyawawan tsari.

6. Karfi

Za a yi amfani da ONAN ko ONAF ba ne kamar yadda za a sauri wani koda na kula — amma shi ne yadda za a sanya tsarin ma'aikata na transformer, kuma yadda za a sanya kudin bayani na kowane lokaci. Idan kuna bukatar ONAN mai gaskiya da ba ta nema kuskuren koyaushe don amfanin gida, ko idan kuna bukatar kudin koyaushe na ONAN/ONAF don koyaushe mai sauƙi, ya kamata ku samu mutum mai kyau da ke taimaka ku.

Don al'adu da suka neman transformer mai sauƙi da ke cikin zaki, Jiangsu Unita Electric Equipment Co., Ltd. (JSZONMA) ta ba da ayyukan transformer da suka dace da kowane darajar volta, kudin koyaushe, al'adu na amfani, da kudin koyaushe.

Yaya za a yi amfani da JSZONMA?

• Kudin yin ayyuka ta hanyar tashin: Daga cikin wani kofa da yawa da 46,600 m², da kuma kudin yin ayyuka ta hanyar tashin transformer da switchgear, JSZONMA ta taimaka ku da kowane ayyuka ta transformer daga rarraba, yin, amfani da koyaushe, da kuma baiwa.
• Kontrolin Kwalitas da Sertifikasi: Alamarar JSZONMA suna yin amfani da alamar kwalitas na sarre da alamar al’ada, da sertifikashin CCC, ISO9001, da ISO14001. Alamar transformer suka gano sertifikashin Type Test wanda State Grid Corporation of China ta gano.
• Tallaƙi da Tallaƙin R&D: JSZONMA yana aiki ta hanyar unisititin da tattaunawar tallaƙi, kamar China University of Petroleum da China University of Mining and Technology, don tabbatar da kara yawan kwalla na transformer, kara yawan kwayoyi, da kara yawan kira na alamar.
• Kullum kuma a cikin Alamar Na Kudin Kudin: JSZONMA ta ba alamar transformer ga muna kudin kudin, kamar alamar da suka yi aminci da kudin kudin na kudin kudin, alamar na kudin kudin, da alamar na kudin kudin na kudin kudin.
• Kullum kuma a cikin Muna Kudin Kudin: Ta hanyar kullum kuma a cikin photovoltaic booster stations da alamar transformer da suka yi aminci, JSZONMA zai ba alamar da suka yi aminci ga muna kudin kudin, muna kudin kudin, da alamar na kudin kudin.

Idan ana zaɓi ƙarfi na kuma ƙarfi na transformer mai ƙunshi a wani abu na yaki ko ana nufin gudun matakan transformer, kumun inggiliya na JSZONMA zai iya taimaka wajen amfani da amsa mai kyau don yadda aka saba, ta hanyar fahimta na yadda ake amfani da shi, kamar yadda ya ke da karama, hanyar kuma ƙarfi, ƙayyadaddun aiki, da kuma yadda ake iya gaskiya.