MV da LV Switchgear a cikin Sistemin na Fatarwa na Mafi Kyau na Kwamfawa

Mikrogrid ya kawo ƙarshen kayan aiki na yadda ake samun energy (DERs) kamar solar, bayanan kariya, da makamashi, tare da loads, kuma yana bukatar amfani da su a cikin kariya ta hanyar grid ko a cikin kariya ta hanyar islanded. Mikrogrid switchgear yana cikin tsakiyar wannan nassara. Ba ta zama kuma kariya mai gudun; amma ta zama abin da ke zama maimakon yadda kariya ta zo, wane abu ne ya dace waɗanda suka ƙare, da yadda mikrogrid ta zama safe lokacin da yawa na halayen suka canza.

1. MV da LV Architecture

Mikrogrid mai kyau ya kawo kariya ta hanyar biyu na voltage, wadannan biyu suna da switchgear da kuma system na kariya da suka dace.

Kayan aiki na Medium-Voltage

Kayan aiki na Medium-Voltage suna kawo kariya daga kayan aiki na yadda ake samun energy kuma suna kawo kariya ta hanyar utility grid. Switchgear na Medium-Voltage yana da main incoming breaker, disconnect switch, da feeder panels don hakan kadan na generation. Wannan tsakiya yana iya kawo kariya mai yawa na fault currents kuma yana bukatar robust arc-flash protection.

Kayan aiki na Low-Voltage

Kwamfata na LV ta ba da amfanin daga ƙarshen kwamfata na transformer zuwa kwayoyin masu amfani da amfanin da kwayoyin masu yawa. Kwamfata na LV ta saba kwayoyin masu amfani da circuit breakers na molded-case da kwayoyin bus ke ƙarshi. Farko a tsaki na MV da LV ya sa amfanin da kwayoyin masu yawa suka zama mafi kyawun amfanin da kwayoyin masu yawa kuma ya ba da imkanin kuwa da kwayoyin masu yawa suka zama mafi kyawun amfanin da kwayoyin masu yawa.

2. Circuit Breakers, Disconnects, da Busbars

Uku na kwayoyin masu yawa suna gudanen kwayoyin masu yawa, kuma kowa daga cikin su na gudanen kwayoyin masu yawa da kwayoyin masu yawa.

Kinciken daya

Circuit breakers suna gudanen da kwayoyin masu yawa da kwayoyin masu yawa kuma suna gudanen da kwayoyin masu yawa. Suna gudanen kwayoyin masu yawa da kwayoyin masu yawa kuma suna gudanen da kwayoyin masu yawa da kwayoyin masu yawa. A kwayoyin masu yawa na MV, vacuum ko SF6 breakers suna gudanen kwayoyin masu yawa; a kwayoyin masu yawa na LV, molded-case designs suna gudanen kwayoyin masu yawa.

Disconnects da Busbars

Koƙarun da suka faru suna ba da gaba daya na hawa don amincewa na amfani, kuma su nuna cikin wani tsari na yadda suka faru kafin amfani. Busbars suna kawo dukkan abubuwan da suka faru, kuma su nuna wani tsari na yadda suka faru don manyi na yadda suka faru da kuma manyi na yadda suka faru. A cikin MV switchgear, wani air switch ko wani draw-out breaker ya zama koƙarin da aka faru; a cikin LV switchgear, wani molded-case breaker ya zama koƙarin da aka faru.

Kullum abu ya kashe wani shirin da ke ciki, kuma ba za a iya tsohon kowanne ba tare da yin amfani da shirin da ke ciki ba.

3. Isolation na Fault da Graded Protection

Idan wani fault ya faru, sistem na protection ya kamata ya faru wani tsari na yadda suka faru da ke ciki kuma ya kawo dukkan abubuwan da suka faru da ke ciki.

Coordination da Selectivity

Breaker da ke ciki da wani fault ya kamata ya faru kafin kowanne. Relays na backup da suka faru da ke ciki suna jira kafin kowanne kuma suna faru kafin kowanne idan primary protection ya faru. Wannan shirin, da aka fi sani da coordination ko selectivity, ya nuna cewa wani fault ya kamata ya faru kafin kowanne kuma ya kawo dukkan abubuwan da suka faru da ke ciki.

Dual-Mode Challenge

A cikin microgrid, alƙalami ya zama ƙaranci saboda yadda kuma yanzu na kariya a wani hali na islanded zai iya zama ƙaranci don hali na grid-connected. Saitunan aiki na kariya suka iya aiki da kariya a duk waɗannan halayen. Kamar yadda ake amfani da digital relays na zamanin yanzu da saitin da za su iya canza bayan saitin kariya ta hanyar halayen aiki, suka iya tabbata da kariya ta hanyar yadda microgrid ya iya aiki da utility ko ta iya aiki da kariya.

4. Aiki da kariya na grid-connected da islanded

Wani daga cikin ƙwayoyin da ke taimaka da microgrid da utility grid shi ne ƙwayon da ke taimaka da kariya a duk system.

Interconnection Switchgear

Interconnection switchgear ya kashe a wani daga cikin ƙwayoyin da ke taimaka da kariya. Idan utility grid ya kara kariya, wannan switchgear ya kamata ya kare microgrid da kariya yayi a lokacin da ke taimaka da kariya da kariya. A lokacin da ke taimaka da kariya da kariya, ya kare a lokacin da ke taimaka da kariya da kariya da ya nuna da DER controllers su canza kariya su.

Kamata ya kare da kariya da kariya

Kafin kariya na gaba daya da kafin kariya na gaba biyu suna taimaka wajen karewa ga kafin kariya mai zahiri a cikin yadda ake bukatar su, kuma su karewa gaba biyu na kafin kariya. Idan kafin kariya ta faru, DER inverters su za su yi rarraba daga kafin kariya na gaba daya zuwa kafin kariya na gaba biyu don karewa tsarin yanki na kafin kariya da tsarin yanki na kafin kariya. Kafin kariya da kafin kariya na su suna haɗawa don yin wannan rarraba.

5. Haɗawa da Transformers, Inverters, da Controls

Kafin kariya ba ta amfani da jini ba. Ta haɗawa da kafin kariya na mikrogrid ta yanzu.

Haɗawa da Transformer da Inverter

Kafin kariya ta haɗawa da step-up da step-down transformers suka haɗawa da MV da LV, kuma da kafin kariya na output na inverters suka haɗawa da DC daga solar panels ko batteries zuwa AC. Haɗin kafin kariya na kafin kariya da kafin kariya na transformer/inverter shi ne kyakkyawa don amfani mai zahiri.

Tsari Na Inganta

Kullum kuma aikin gaba daya da kuma kuma aikin gaba daya suka yi bayani a cikin shari'ar Modbus ko IEC 61850, wanda ya sa muhimmancin microgrid ya san hali na kankara da ya ba amarurin daga afar. Idan baku yin wannan kuma aikin gaba daya, kuma aikin gaba daya na kankara da kuma aikin gaba daya na kankara ba zai iya aiki ba.

6. Bayanin Gwaji

Gwaji na kankara mai kyau yana bukatar fahimtar tsohuwa na uku masu mahimmanci.

Ƙimar Wuta

Tsohuwar kudada ya zama daidai da tsarin. Don aikin MV, tsohuwar kudada masu yawa suna haɗa da 11 kV, 22 kV, ko 33 kV. Don aikin LV, tsohuwar kudada ta yawa shine 380/220 V. Gwaji na tsohuwar kudada mai kyau yana nufin kuma aikin gaba daya na kankara da kuma aikin gaba daya na kankara.

Kama da Kuskure a Cikin Sakamako

Tsohuwar kudada na kankara na kankara ya kamata ya fi kamar yawa na kankara na kankara a wurin da aka sanya. A cikin hali na kankara da kankara, al'adu na kankara zai iya kare kamar yawa na kankara; a cikin hali na kankara, al'adu na kankara na kankara zai iya kare kamar yawa na kankara amma yana bukatar kamar yawa na kankara.

Kamfanin Gudunmawa

Kamfanin kuma yana daga cikin bayanai na sauyin aiki. A cikin gida mai sauƙi, kuma yana bukatar IP30, amma a cikin ƙasa ko a cikin bayanai mai sauƙi yana bukatar IP54 ko kamar yadda zai dace. Kuma yana da muhimci kuma yadda ake sanya kuma yadda ake taimakawa wajen ina sauyin aiki da kuma yadda ake sanya kuma yadda ake taimakawa wajen ina sauyin aiki.

Kuma yana da muhimci kuma yadda ake sanya kuma yadda ake taimakawa wajen ina sauyin aiki da kuma yadda ake sanya kuma yadda ake taimakawa wajen ina sauyin aiki. Bayanai na gida yana iya kare kuma yadda ake sanya kuma yadda ake taimakawa wajen ina sauyin aiki da kuma yadda ake sanya kuma yadda ake taimakawa wajen ina sauyin aiki.

7. Bayanai na sauyin aiki

8. Ka yi tunani a kan wannan. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi

Tambaya na farko: Shin mikrogrid switchgear shi ne wane? Kuma yadda yake muhimmi?

Mikrogrid switchgear shi ne abin da ke taimaka wajen kammalancin kudin kariya da kammalancin ƙarfi wanda ke taimaka wajen kammalancin kudin kariya daga abubuwan da suka haɗa kariya, kudin kariya, da kudin kariya na gida. Ya kammala aiki a cikin kudin kariya da kudin kariya na gida, ya kammala kammalancin ƙarfi, da kuma ya taimaka wajen kammalancin kudin kariya daga kudin kariya zuwa kudin kariya na gida.

Tambaya na biyu: Shin yadda yike farko a tsarin mikrogrid daga MV da LV switchgear?

MV switchgear ya aiki a cikin kudin kariya na wasu (ta ƙarfi 11 kV zuwa 33 kV) kuma ya kammala kudin kariya daga DERs da kudin kariya na gida. LV switchgear ya aiki a cikin kudin kariya na yawa (380/220 V) kuma ya kammala kudin kariya zuwa kudin kariya na gida. Duka waɗannan kudin kariya suna kammala a cikin kudin kariya da kudin kariya na gida kuma suna kammala a cikin kudin kariya da kudin kariya na gida.

Tambaya na uku: Shin kammalancin kudin kariya ya aiki a cikin mikrogrid?

Ko'omara ta aiki da sarrafa aikin sauyi: kofin da ke cikin yadda ya dace ya sauya muna baya, kuma kofin da suka gudan ya taimaka. A cikin microgrids, ana bukatar sauyin ko'omara ta aiki da sarrafa aikin sauyi saboda farko na sauyin kariya suka faru wajen farko na sauyin kariya da kofin da ke cikin yadda ya dace da kofin da ke cikin yadda ya dace.

Tambaya 4: Wane matakan ta aiki da sauyin kariya suka amfani da su a yanzu a cikin microgrid switchgear?

Matakan da suka amfani da su sun hada Modbus RTU/TCP, IEC 61850 (GOOSE da MMS), da DNP3.0. Wadannan suka bada imkanin aikin sauyin kariya ta aiki da sarrafa aikin sauyi, aikin sauyin kariya ta aiki da sarrafa aikin sauyi, da ko'omara ta aiki da sarrafa aikin sauyi a tsakanin switchgear da microgrid controller.

Tambaya 5: Wane abubuwa suka iya yanzu a yi amfani da su a cikin yin zango na switchgear a cikin microgrid project?

Abubuwan da suka iya yanzu sun hada: mahallin kariya ta aiki da sarrafa aikin sauyi, mahallin kariya ta aiki da sarrafa aikin sauyi da kofin da ke cikin yadda ya dace, mahallin kariya ta aiki da sarrafa aikin sauyi da kofin da ke cikin yadda ya dace, mahallin kariya ta aiki da sarrafa aikin sauyi da kofin da ke cikin yadda ya dace, da mahallin kariya ta aiki da sarrafa aikin sauyi da kofin da ke cikin yadda ya dace.