Yaya a zaɓi transformer na bayani na maimakon da ke da amfani ga abubuwan ƙasar da kuma abubuwan kasuwanci

Zaɓan abin da ya dace transformer Fiye zaɓar transformer na bayani na maimakon da ke da amfani ga abubuwan ƙasar da kuma abubuwan kasuwanci ya zama tushen karamin kira ta hanyar yin amfani da kira, karamin kara da karamin kasa. Transformer mai zuwa ba suka yi amfani da kira, yana gudan cikin karamin kara da karamin kasa, kuma yana haɗawa da ƙarfin kari. Wannan shirin ya bayyana daga baya zuwa baya wadanda kamar yadda ake zaɓa.

Sauri karamin kira

Tabbata karamin kira na saurin kira (ta yamma 10kV, 12kV, ko 13.8kV) da karamin kira na farko (480V, 400V, ko 208Y/120V). Karamin kira mai zuwa ba suka yi amfani da kira yana nufin cewa transformer ba za a iya amfani da shi ba.

Sauri karamin kasa

• Rubuta suna da duk wadanda ke cikin kira: motor, iluminashin, HVAC, da sistemun UPS

• Yi amfani da factor na kira: kasuwanci 0.6–0.8, ƙasar 0.7–0.9, da data center 0.9–1.0

• Yi amfani da kVA: kVA = kW ÷ factor na kira (kasuwanci ≈ 0.85, ƙasar ≈ 0.90)

• Za a iya ƙara 15%–25% kuma yana da mahimmanci don zama mai yawa

Za a zaɓa Tap Changer

Za a zaɓa tsakanin off-load da on-load tap changers. Alƙawarinsu na voltage suna bukatar kariya ta hanyar tap changer don alƙawarinsu na precision manufacturing da data centers.

Misali: 2000 kVA Transformer Amps

Formula: I = S ÷ (√3 × V)

Yadda ake saba amma ya zama ƙarfi na gaba daya. Yadda ake saba ya zama ƙarfi na gaba daya, wanda ke nufin cewa kashekarin na yara kuma da switchgear suka zama ƙarfi na gaba daya. Kada kuma ƙarfi na gaba daya (ONAF) ya zama ƙarfi na gaba daya ta 15%–33%.

Kuma a cikin wani ƙarƙashin kuma a cikin wani ƙarƙashin

• Kuma a cikin wani ƙarƙashin: ƙarƙashin ƙarƙashin, ƙarƙashin ƙarƙashin, ba a ƙarƙashin kuma a ƙarƙashin kuma a ƙarƙashin

• Kuma a cikin wani ƙarƙashin: ƙarƙashin ƙarƙashin ko ƙarƙashin ƙarƙashin, ƙarƙashin ƙarƙashin, ƙarƙashin ƙarƙashin

Zaɓa a cikin wani ƙarƙashin

• A cikin wani ƙarƙashin ko a cikin wani ƙarƙashin (ƙarƙashin ƙarƙashin, ƙarƙashin ƙarƙashin, ƙarƙashin ƙarƙashin) → kuma a cikin wani ƙarƙashin

• A cikin wani ƙarƙashin, ƙarƙashin ƙarƙashin, ƙarƙashin ƙarƙashin → kuma a cikin wani ƙarƙashin

• Ƙarƙashin ƙarƙashin a cikin wani ƙarƙashin a cikin wani ƙarƙashin → kuma a cikin wani ƙarƙashin

Ƙarƙashin ƙarƙashin

• Ƙarƙashin ƙarƙashin ya zama ƙarƙashin ƙarƙashin — zaɓa a cikin wani ƙarƙashin

• Matsayin kasa ko wani baya da ƙarfi na yin gudummawa ya bukata IP54 ko ƙarfi mai yawa

• Karamin fannin tashin hawaye ya bukata karamin tunanin a kan kawo hawaye

Dukkanin da ba su dace ba

VFDs, UPS systems, LED drivers, da abubuwan IT suna zama maki na harmonics wanda suka haifar da kawo hawaye mai yawa da kuma kara yin gudummawa na karamin yadda.

K-Factor Ratings

• K-4: harmonics na yawa (kamar iluminashin LED na kantin, abubuwan kantin)

• K-13: harmonics na yawa (kantarun bayanan, VFDs na kasuwanci, telecom)

• K-20: harmonics na yawa (SCR drives, kawo hawaye na induction)

K-factor transformers an raba su don kawo hawaye na harmonics, ba don kare su ba.

Karamin ba tare da load vs. karamin tare da load

• Ƙarancin wanda ba shi da baki yaza a lokacin da transformer ya daga cikin kariya

• Ƙarancin baki ya zama ƙarancin yanzu na saurin yankin baki

• A cikin 20 zuwa 30 shekara, kudin ƙarancin yankin zai iya taka cikin kudin samun farko

Kanunin Da Amincewa

• EU Ecodesign Tier 2

• IEC 60076

• DOE 2016 (North America)

Zazzau Na Impedance

Zaɓaɓin impedance na typical distribution transformer shine 4% zuwa 6%. Karamin impedance ta fayyade a rarraba shirin voltage amma ta sauri kuma saurin baki na kafin kariya, wanda ke bukatar karamin kariya na switchgear. Karin impedance ta tsaya kamar yadda za a sanya kafin kariya amma ta kara karamin rarraba shirin voltage.

Karin kariya

• ONAN: kariya mai sauƙi na oil, kariya mai sauƙi na hawaye — karamin kudin kariya, kuma karamin kariya na hawaye

• ONAF: kudin zaki gaba daya na yanki, kudin hawa mai tsoro — yanzu mai ƙarfi a wani dandana daidai

• Matsayin daga tsohuwa: kudin hawa na yanki ko kudin hawa mai tsoro

Yadda ake dacewa da ƙarfi na jiki da kuma yadda ake dacewa da ƙarfi na jiki

Kudin ƙarfi na yanki ya zama tushen zaman lafiya da kudin ƙarfi na yanki. Kudin kuma mai ƙarfi ya kamata ya haɗa da kudin yanki mai ƙarfi

Dandana da kudin kara

• Matsayin daga tsohuwa suna da karami kamar matsayin daga yanki na yanki da karamin daidai, suka fiye da saukar da kudin kara ko kudin rarraba

• Matsayin daga yanki suna bukatar kudin yanki, kudin kari da kudin kara

Tabbatar da kudin rarraba

• Matsayin daga tsohuwa: tabbatar da kudin kara, kudin kara, kudin karami na kudin kara a kowane 3–5 shekara; ba a bukatar kudin yanki

• Matsayin daga yanki: kudin yanki a kowane shekara (DGA, kudin karami); kudin rarraba mai ƙarfi

Yaya manyan amperes wanda transformer na 2000 kVA zai iya gudanawa?

Ya kashe a cikin voltage. A 480V, yana gudanawa 2,406 A. A 400V, 2,887 A. A 13.8kV, 83.7 A. Kuma na ƙarfi ya kashe shi ne — ba za a ci gaba da shi a lokacin daban-daban.

Yaya zan iya sanya kuma transformer size?

Kuma na gudanawa: kVA ≈ load kW × 1.25 ÷ power factor. Load na 1000 kW a 0.8 power factor yana bukatar kuma 1560 kVA, don haka za a zaɓi 1600 kVA.

Yaya kuma na transformer loading?

60%–80% na rated capacity yana taimaka wajen kuma efficiency da service life. A baya 30%, no-load losses suna taimaka da kuma da ayyukan suka zama babu kariya.

Dry-type ko oil-immersed — wane ne za a zaɓi?

Dry-type don ya sa gida, lokacin da aka so kuma a cikin wani ƙaramin yanki da ke da kariya ta fuskanci don hanyoyin da suka dace da 5000 kVA. Oil-immersed don gida na farko, yankin da ke da karamin yanki da ke da kariya ta fuskanci kuma yankin da ke da kariya ta fuskanci.

Kamar yadda harmonics su yi tasirin a cikin zaune na transformer?

Harmonic currents daga VFDs, LED lighting, da UPS systems su zama cause na kariya ta fuskanci na winding. Yi amfani da K-factor transformers ko kara karamin yanki a cikin wani ƙaramin yanki da ke da harmonics.

Shin transformer zai iya shiga a cikin overload?

Overload na lokacin da ke kusa zai dace, tare da cooling, temperature na gida, da karamin yanki na farko. Overload da ke dauke da lokaci ya zama cause na kariya ta fuskanci na insulation da ya raba lokacin da ke dauke da lokaci.

• Tabbata primary/secondary voltage da frequency

• Yi hisabinsa na maximum demand tare da growth margin

• Gano nonlinear load ratio kuma sanya K-factor

• Zauna dry-type ko oil-immersed tare da environment

• Tabbata kuma yadda ake amfani da kyautarwa da kuma bayanan kusurin lokacin da aka yi amfani da su

• Tabbata yadda ake saukin gaba, yadda cikin gaba ya taka, da kuma yadda ake kare gaba

• Samar da shirin kare gaba da shirin kuma yadda ake amfani da abubuwan da suka daga gaba