Kamalin Dyn11 da Yyn0 na transformer: Wane ya fi amincewa don karewa na harmonics?

Lokacin da zaka zabi transformer Fiye kafa na kafa mai yawa a cikin kayan aiki da kayan kasuwanci, wani ne daga cikin abubuwan da suka zama mafi mahimmanci amma akwai kuma abubuwa da suka gudan yanzu da suka taka so. Wannan shi ne kafa na Dyn11 ko Yyn0. Wannan kafa ya ƙare ta hanyar da aka yi kafa na harmonics, kafa na kara yadda aiki ne da kafa na kariya. A lokacin da abubuwan da suka yi kara yadda aiki (nonlinear loads) kamar kafafun da suka yi kara yadda aiki (variable frequency drives), kafafun da suka yi kara yadda aiki (uninterruptible power supplies), kafafun LED da suka yi kara yadda aiki (LED lighting systems), da kafafun da suka yi kara yadda aiki (electric vehicle chargers) suka zama mafi yawa, wannan ya zama abu da ke sauri a cikin kafafun da suka yi kara yadda aiki (power systems) da ke sauri a cikin kafafun da suka yi kara yadda aiki (electrical engineers) da kafafun da suka yi kara yadda aiki (facility managers). Kafa na kafafun da suka yi kara yadda aiki (connection group)—yana nufin kafa na Dyn11 wanda aka kafa shi a cikin kafa na delta ko kafa na Yyn0 wanda aka kafa shi a cikin kafa na wye—yana nufin yadda kafa zai iya kare kafafun da suka yi kara yadda aiki (harmonic currents), kamar kafafun da suka yi kara yadda aiki (third-harmonic components) da suka zama abu da ke sauri. Wannan rubutu ya bayyana kafa na kafafun da suka yi kara yadda aiki (distribution transformer harmonic analysis) da ke kawo kafa na kafafun da suka yi kara yadda aiki (two most common vector groups) da suka yi kara yadda aiki (low-voltage distribution networks), da ke kawo kafa na kafafun da suka yi kara yadda aiki (selection guidance) da ke fitowar da kafafun da suka yi kara yadda aiki (latest Chinese and international standards).

A cikin yadda za mu fara shiga cikin kwaliti na harmonic, yana da mahimmanci in fasahar wadannan bayanan suka nufi.

Tashin ma'aikata na vector yana amfani da tsarin clock-face don bayani akan farko na phase a tsaki na voltage na primary da secondary. Rubutun hujja tana nufi tsarin ma'aikata:

• Y (ko y) – Tsaki na star (wye)

• D (ko d) – Tsaki na delta (triangle)

• N (ko n) – Kudi na neutral ta shiga gaba

Tsaki na Yyn0:

• Karama na farko: An kawo shi da yankin yamma, ba a kawo shi da neutral (Y)

• Karama na biyu: An kawo shi da yankin yamma, a kawo shi da neutral (y)

• Farko na yankin: 0 a’adu (0°), wanda yana nufin cewa yankin na farko da biyu suna da yankin daya

Dangane da karama na Dyn11:

• Karama na farko: An kawo shi da yankin delta (D)

• Karama na biyu: An kawo shi da yankin yamma, a kawo shi da neutral (y)

• Farko na yankin: 11 a’adu (330°), wanda yana nufin cewa yankin na biyu ya gudan cikin yankin na farko da 30°

Wadannan biyu karama suna tsohon market na transformer na karama a China, kuma fahimtar yankin na harmonics su ne mafi mahimmanci don zabi na transformer na karama

2.1 Kuskuren Yyn0: Harmonics na uku ba su da wani lokaci don gudan

A cikin transformer na Yyn0, karama na farko an kawo shi da yankin yamma ba a kawo shi da neutral point. Wannan yana zama kuskure mafi muhimmi don kusantar harmonics na uku:

• Kwayoyin na uku (150 Hz a cikin sistemomin 50 Hz) su ne kwayoyin na zero-sequence—su ke tattara a sama yadda su ke tattara a kowane matakanin uku

• Don kwayoyin na zero-sequence su tattara, akwai bukatar tarayen neutral don zama shi da wani hanyar daga baya

• Saboda tarayen Y (star) na farko ba ta da pointin neutral, kwayoyin na uku ba su iya tattara

• Don haka, lokacin da kwayoyin na magnetizing ya zama sinusoidal, flux na core ya zama mafi kyau, yana nufin voltage na secondary mai garga biyu wanda ya dace da kwayoyin na uku

• Kamar haka, kwayoyin na harmonic wadanda suka haɗa da loadolin da ba su da linear ba su iya tsara daga kuma su tattara ga source na farko na electric

Kamalinsu na teknikal: Transformer na Yyn0 ba ta da abin da ke taimaka wajen gyara kwayoyin na harmonic na uku, don haka ta zama abin da ba za a iya amfani da shi wajen sistemomin da loadolin da ba su da linear ba

2.2 Daga Dyn11: Tarayen Delta Wanda ta tsara Kwayoyin na Uku

Kwamfata na Dyn11 da aka kawo a cikin ƙaramin daga babban kwamfata (delta) ya ba da hanyar tashin kuma tsarin kwayoyin harmoniki na uku—wannan shine shi ne alama na amfani da kwamfata na kare kwayoyin harmoniki.

Matsayin biyu na kare kwayoyin harmoniki:

1. Kare na kwayoyin harmoniki na mafuta: Kwayoyin harmoniki na uku da aka kawo a cikin kwamfata na delta suka haɗa da kwayoyin harmoniki na uku da aka kawo daga babban kwamfata (secondary side), wanda suka kare kwayoyin harmoniki na mafuta a cikin kwamfata.

2. Tsarin kwayoyin harmoniki na gudunmawa: Kwayoyin harmoniki na uku da aka kawo a cikin kullum kwamfata na delta suna da karamin sama. Saboda kwamfata na delta ta haɗa da tsarin kwayoyin harmoniki, kwayoyin harmoniki na uku suna gudunmawa a cikin kwamfata na delta. Wannan kwaya ya kare kwayoyin harmoniki a lokacin da suka gudunmawa kuma ya kare su daga shiga gida na kwayoyin harmoniki na gida.

Nemun: Kudin kuma yana zama ƙarfi da kuma tsari na yadda ake shigar da kudin kuma na farko yana da kyau sosai wajen Yyn0 transformer. Wannan ya sa Dyn11 ya zama abin da aka so sosai wajen zaune na transformer don load mai garga biyu.

2.3 Tsari na Harmonic Mai Ƙarfi

Kamar yadda kowane nau'in haɗa suka ba da ƙarfi wajen kuskure na harmonic mai ƙarfi (misali: 5th, 7th, 11th), alama su ke farko:

A matsayin amfani da shi, harmonikin 3rd ke zama abin da ya sao kafin daga dukkanin sistemomin furo, kuma wannan shine abin da Dyn11 ya faruwa a cikin.

Farkon yadda Dyn11 ya faruwa ya tattara wajen kuskuren harmoniki na elektrisiti. A nan suna cikin biyu da biyu da biyu da biyu da biyu da farkon da Dyn11 ya faruwa wajen Yyn0:

Wadannan abubuwan suka saita Dyn11 ta hanyar da ke cikin kariya na gida na al'umma, senterin bayanan, da fasilitin sana'a wanda ke bukatar amfani da transformer na kuma tsarin kuskure na harmonics da kuma kariya na aiki.

Ta hanyar da daga cikin fahimtar yadda yake da damu na kariya na Dyn11, za a iya tambaya idan Yyn0 ya kashe wani amfani na farko.

Muhimmancin tarikh: Yyn0 an amfani da shi sosai a cikin sistemun da ke bayyana a farko wanda ke cikin kuskure na nonlinear suna yawa kuma muhimman harmonics suna cikin kariya na biyu. A wadannan al'umma, baya na kuskure na kariya da kuma kuskure na kariya na kariya na kariya suna cikin kariya na kariya.

Hali na yanzu: Babban standar na Sin, GB 51348-2019 Code for Electrical Design of Civil Buildings, ya bayyana cewa Dyn11 ke cikin kariya na sistemun da ke cikin kuskure na harmonics. Kariya na bayyana na duniya ta rufe kuma ta yi amfani da Dyn11 ta hanyar da ke cikin kariya na kariya na kariya na kariya.

Wadannan al'umma na kariya: Yyn0 zai iya samuwa a:

• Sistemin da farko wanda a sauri ba a iya amfani da shi don sababbin yadda ya dace ba

• Amince na yawa ta yawa (ta hanyar 100 kVA) wanda ke amfani da loadai na linear

• Amince na yawa ta yawa wanda ke amfani da transformer mai zuwa cikin sistemin da farko wanda ke cika shari'in da ake so

Amma, don hanyar yadda ake sauri transformer na distribution, amma wanda ke amfani da fasaha na yawa ko industriya, alama na teknikal ta nuna cewa Dyn11 shine mafi kyawu.

Tambaya 1: Yadda Dyn11 transformer ya fi yawa don gudunmawa na harmonic daraja daya da Yyn0 transformer?

Kwamfutin da ake sauri na Dyn11 ya zama kwamfutin da ake sauri na delta ya baiwa tare da tsarin da ake sauri na harmonic na uku. Wadannan kwamfutin suka zo a cikin kwamfutin da ake sauri na delta kuma suka kusanta a cikin kwamfutin da ake sauri na magnetic, wanda ya haifar da kuskure na harmonic a cikin kwamfutin da ake sauri na secondary ko a cikin kwamfutin da ake sauri na primary. Yyn0 transformer, wanda ke amfani da kwamfutin da ake sauri na star kuma ba shi da point na neutral, ba za iya baiwa wannan tsarin da ake sauri ba, wanda ya haifar da kuskure na harmonic na uku.

Tambaya na biyu: Shin yana farko tsakanin haɗin transformer na Dyn11 da Yyn0 a matsayin impedance na zero-sequence?

Impedance na zero-sequence na transformer na Yyn0 ya kashe sosai saboda currents na zero-sequence ba su da kofin baya na neutral a kari na farko. Wannan impedance mai ƙarfi yana gudanin currents na single-phase fault kuma yana rage sensitivity na protection. A cikin rarraba, haɗin delta na transformer na Dyn11 yana ba da impedance na zero-sequence mai ƙarfi ga circulating harmonic da fault currents, wanda ke saita harmonic suppression da fault detection.

Tambaya na uku: Za a iya amfani da transformer na Yyn0 a duka abindunen masu amfani da UPS da LED lighting loads?

A yanzu kuma idan ya zama mumkin a matsayin ilimi, ba za a sanya shi da kyau ba. Sistemin UPS, dandanan LED, da sauran sadarwarrin kudin gaba daya suna haifar da kudin harmoniki na uku da yawa. Sadarwar Yyn0 ba za ta iya tsakar da kudin wannan kudin daidai ba, wanda ke kare kudin kudin da yawa, kudin da yawa na kudin da yawa, da kudin da yawa na sadarwar. GB 51348-2019 ya bayani da kari da Yyn0 don wannan istinsal, kuma al’adu na sarrafa ita ce a sanya sadarwar Dyn11.

Talla: Ya zama sadarwar Dyn11 da kudin farko mai yawa ne ga sadarwar Yyn0?

Kudin farko na bin sadarwar Dyn11 ya zama kadan mai yawa ne ga sadarwar Yyn0 mai sauƙi saboda kudin kudin da yawa na kudin da yawa da kudin kudin da yawa. Amma wannan kudin kadan ya zama da kyau saboda kudin da yawa na harmoniki, kudin da yawa (kadan 10–20% kudin da yawa na kudin da yawa da kudin da yawa), kudin da yawa na kudin da yawa, da kudin da yawa na kudin da yawa na sadarwar a cikin 20–30 shekara na amfani.

Tambaya 5: Yaya zan zaɓi ƙwayoyin transformer vector group guda uku don aikin kuma abin da ke ciki?

A lokacin da kuka zaɓi ƙwayoyin transformer guda uku don karewa harmonics, ku bi yadda aka bayani a baya:

• Nemo dukkanin loadai na wadanda ba su da linear (VFDs, rectifiers, UPS, chargers) kuma ƙayyade tsawon harmonics da ke ciki

• Idan harmonics na uku ya ƙarƙashin 5% na karamin load current, Dyn11 yana da alaƙa

• Kula da loading na neutral—Yyn0 ba za iya taimaka neutral currents da su fi 25% na phase current ba

• Ku duba shari'ar lokal (GB 51348-2019 ya nuna Dyn11 don aikin kuma abin da ke ciki)

• Don abubuwan da suka yi amfani da sensitivities (medical imaging, data centers), Dyn11 ya ba da voltage waveform quality mai kyau

• Don loadai na linear kamar hukumci (resistance heating, conventional motors) wanda suka fi 100 kVA, Yyn0 zai iya haɗawa kuma a lokacin da aka gabata

Kammalun Bayani

Za a zaba Dyn11 ko Yyn0 kuma yana da fahimtar daidai don amfanin zamanin da ke bukata kariya na harmonics. Kuma kuma na Dyn11 ta hanyar da ke cikin kasa (delta) ya ba mu tushen kariya na harmonics na uku, wanda Yyn0 ba za iya yin shi ba. Don kowane sistem na kariya da ke biyayen abubuwan da ba su da kariya (nonlinear loads), wanda yanzu yana kuma daga cikin duk abin da ke cikin al'adu, kuma kuma na data centers, al'adu na gida, kuma kuma na kasuwanci, kuma kuma na Dyn11 yana da kyau sosai don kariya na harmonics.

Gudummawar Zaben Da Amince

Sauran Tashar

Don hankali na kasa ta farko, sanya Dyn11 kamar kasa ta farko. Kudin da ke cikin kasa ta farko ya zama ƙaramin kudin da ke cikin kasa ta farko, kuma ya zama ƙaramin kudin da ke cikin kasa ta farko, kuma ya zama ƙaramin kudin da ke cikin kasa ta farko, kuma ya zama ƙaramin kudin da ke cikin kasa ta farko. Yyn0 ya zama kasa ta farko don kasa ta farko ko don kasa ta farko wanda ke cikin kasa ta farko.