Matsayin Karamin Tashar Daga Cikin Tashar Mai Tsamiya: Farko Na Muhimmanci da Yadda Za A Zaho

A lokacin da aka rubuta abubuwan da suka hada da kudin kariya ga al’adu ko gida na sana’a, babban zaɓi da suka hada da muhimmancin ingantaccen masu amfani da kudin kariya da masu biyayen kudin kariya suna da wani zaɓi na farko wanda ke hada da dry-type vs. oil-immersed transformers fahimtar farko na tsarin transformer na dry type da kuma transformer na oil immersed shi ne muna bukatar su, saboda wannan za a iya zama tushen yadda za a yi amfani da transformer a cikin kariya, lokaci na sa, zamanin gudunmawa, da kuma bayanan kariya na kafin kariya. A lokacin da yawa na kariya mai ƙarfi a cikin data centers, hospitals, commercial buildings, da kuma industrial facilities, tambaya na yadda za a zaɓi tsarin transformer na dry type ko kuma na oil immersed ta zama mai mahimmanci. Wannan shirin mai ƙarfi na zaɓar transformer ya kawo dukkan abubuwan da suka fuskanta a cikin biyu na tsarin—daga yadda suka kula da hanyar kula da yadda suka kula da kariya, kuma yadda suka kula da kariya na kafin kariya—don neman ina iya zaɓa wani abu da ke cikin kariya na kafin kariya.

A baya da koyon bayani na muhimmanci, wannan shine kammalawa na farko na farko na farko na farko na transformer na dry type da transformer na oil immersed a cikin abubuwan da suka fuskanta a cikin kariya na kafin kariya:

2.1 Tafawa da Mekanismin Tafawa: Farkon Baki

Farkon mafi kyawun tafawa na transformer ya kashe a cikin wasu abubuwan tafawa da tafawa wanda suka amfani da su.

Transformers mai gaba-gaban :

• Amfani da teknikin tafawa na gaba daya—Vacuum Pressure Impregnation (VPI) ko Vacuum Pressure Encapsulation (VPE)—don sanya epoxy resin a matsayin tafawa na gaba a kan windings

• Ya amfani da tafawa na gaba daya na hawaye (AN cooling) ko tafawa na gaba daya na hawaye ta hanyar fannin (AF cooling) don fuskantar hawaye; abubuwan kamar yanzu zai iya bukatar fannin tafawa na gaba daya

• Windings da core suna daga baya da suka nuna; ba a bukatar hanyar tafawa na yaki

• Rashin ruwa yana kawar da haɗarin ɓoyewa, yana sa su tsabtace tsabta don yanayin cikin gida

Transformaɗa mai kaiyayyaci :

• Ana nutsar da windings da core gaba daya a cikin tanki mai rufewa cike da man fetur mai tsabta galibi man fetur na ma'adinai, kodayake man fetur na halitta ko na roba sun zama gama gari

• Man fetur yana motsawa a ciki ta hanyar convection na halitta (ONAN, ONAF) ko kuma tilasta motsawa (OFAF), yana ɗaukar zafi daga sassan ciki zuwa radiators na waje ko fens na sanyaya

• Sai kawai waje tank harsashi ne bayyane; ciki aka rufe gaba daya

• Matsakaicin ruwa yana ba da ingantaccen tasirin canja wurin zafi, yana ba da damar ƙira mafi ƙarancin ƙira a cikin ƙididdigar ƙididdiga mafi girma

2.2 Tushen kari na Safei da Kari na Gudun Mota: Wani Daga Cikin Bayanai da suka saita ainihin yadda ake zahiri

A cikin dukkanin ma'ajin da ke gida, kari na safei na moto shi ne wani daga cikin bayanai da suka saita ainihin yadda ake zahiri a tsarin kari na safei na transformer mai jin kwayoyi da transformer mai jin maza:

Transformers mai jin kwayoyi:

• Ba su da wani abu da za a iya yanka—abubuwan da za a iya yanka suna kashe kuma kwayoyin da suka taka

• An kammala a cikin gida da kuma kada shi zama wani abu da ke taka tsanani a cikin kudin yadda ya kamata a yi amfani da shi

• Zai iya a yi amfani da shi a cikin wani hujja ta hujja da kuma kada shi zama wani abu da ke taka tsanani a cikin kudin yadda ya kamata a yi amfani da shi

• Yana da abubuwan da suka kare a cikin karamin sannan da suka dace; ba a bukatar amfani da karamin da suka dace a cikin kudin yadda ya kamata a yi amfani da shi

Matsayin da ke da maya (mineral oil):

• Mineral oil ita ce da ke taka tsanani da ke da flash point na 130°C–160°C

• Ya bukatar hujja ta hujja da matsayin da ke da maya ko a cikin gida ko a cikin gida ta hujja da kada shi zama wani abu da ke taka tsanani a cikin kudin yadda ya kamata a yi amfani da shi

• Ya bukatar amfani da karamin da suka dace (misali: pits da ke dace da maya) don haifar da karamin da suka dace a cikin kudin yadda ya kamata a yi amfani da shi

• A cikin karamin sannan, natural ester oils (flash point 300°C) ko synthetic esters an yi amfani da su don haifar da karamin da suka dace a cikin kudin yadda ya kamata a yi amfani da shi, wanda ke baiwa abin da ke da karamin da suka dace

Bayani Muhimmanci: Kamar yadda ester-based oils suka saita karamin da suka dace a cikin kudin yadda ya kamata a yi amfani da shi, suna da karamin da suka dace a cikin kudin yadda ya kamata a yi amfani da shi kuma suna da karamin da suka dace a cikin kudin yadda ya kamata a yi amfani da shi kuma suna da karamin da suka dace a cikin kudin yadda ya kamata a yi amfani da shi

2.3 Karamin da suka dace: Kuma karamin da suka dace a cikin kudin yadda ya kamata a yi amfani da shi

Fasahar da ƙarfin kuma gudunmawa na transformer ya nuna wani daga cikin ƙarfin ƙarfe na ayyukan da suka fuskanta a tsakanin waɗannan biyu:

Ƙarin Bayani: Matsayin kuma tsakiya na dry-type suka daga yadda ake bukata wani amfani na komershiyali, amma matsayin kuma tsakiya na oil-immersed suna bukata shugaban bukatar bukatar suka daga yadda ake bukata.

2.4 Amfani na kwayoyin kuma fasalin kwayoyin tashin

Kamar yadda ake amfani da su suka faru da farko:

Transformers mai jin kwayoyi:

• Kwayar yadda ake amfani: Kamar yadda ake amfani da 1600kVA kuma 10kV (wani matakan kuma ya samu 35kV)

• Yi amfani da su ne kamar yadda ake amfani da su a cikin kwayoyin kuma fasalin kwayoyin tashin na medium- kuma low-voltage

• Kamar yadda ake amfani da su a cikin kwayoyin kuma fasalin kwayoyin tashin da yawa kuma yadda ake bukata da yawa

Matsayin kuma tsakiya na oil-immersed:

• Babu kamar yadda ake amfani da su a cikin kwayoyin kuma fasalin kwayoyin tashin; suka amfani da su a duk kwayoyin kuma fasalin kwayoyin tashin kamar yadda ake amfani da su a cikin 1000kV EHV

• Kamar yadda ake amfani da su a cikin kwayoyin kuma fasalin kwayoyin tashin ya zama babu kamar yadda ake amfani da su a cikin kwayoyin kuma fasalin kwayoyin tashin

• Ya zama babu kamar yadda ake amfani da su a cikin kwayoyin kuma fasalin kwayoyin tashin na utility kuma amfani na industriya

Za a iya zabin daidai idan aka kawo kudin yadda ake amfani da shi cikin karamin yanayin da suka fuskanta kuma a saba da tsarin kariya na kowane teknoliji. A nan shine shida (6) na yanzu da suka bayyana kamar haka:

Yanayin 1: Tsarin Cikin Gida → Transformer na Karamin Dukkali

Karamin da suka dace:

Gwamnati, almarufi, gida na sauyi, gida na wadansu, gida na bayani, kuma duk wani gida da ke bukatar kuwa transformer cikin gida na muhimmanci.

Dalilin da suka fuskanta:

• Babu kariya na tsohon kariya don tsohon kariya

• Ya dace da kudin tsohon kariya na tsarin cikin gida

• Za a iya kuwa shi cikin karamin kariya na karamin kariya

• Babu bukatun kuwa karamin kariya na kariya

Bayanin ƙarfin kuma: Idan aka amfani da zaki mai ƙarfi na yanki (flash point 300°C) kuma sarakunan wani yanki ya ba da izini don samun a cikin gida, an iya amfani da transformer mai zaki.

Matsayin biyu: Samun a cikin ƙasa ko samun a cikin gida ta hanyar tsohon gida → Transformer mai zaki

Karamin da suka dace:

Transformer na pad-mounted a cikin ƙasa, transformer na pole-mounted, tsarin samun a cikin gida na industriya, da kuma samun a cikin gida na utility distribution.

Dalilin da suka fuskanta:

• Karamin bayani na farko don hanyar yanki

• Karamin fahimtar yanki, yana da karamin daga cikin ƙarfi na rufe ta hanyar rufe ta hanyar samun a cikin gida

• Karamin fahimtar yanki na farko

• Tasirin da aka saba wa kamar yanki da karamin fahimtar yanki

Matsayin uku: Yanki mai ƙarfi ko yanki mai ƙarfi na voltage → Transformer mai zaki

Karamin da suka dace:

Tsarin samun a cikin gida na industriya mai ƙarfi, tsarin samun a cikin gida na utility transmission, da kuma tsarin samun a cikin gida mai ƙarfi na samun a cikin gida da ke bukatar 1600kVA.

Dalilin da suka fuskanta:

• Tattara na dry-type zai zama ba aiki da kariya ko gaba daya na 1600kVA/10kV

• Tsarin na oil-immersed yana ba da kariya mai kyau a dukkanin mahimman

• Ko'ina na sauyin yana taimaka da kariya ta hanyar rarraba ga wani abu

Matsayin 4: Kullum kuma kariya na gida ko kariya na safiya → Dry-Type ko Ester Oil

Karamin da suka dace:

Sakamako na abinci da kyau, al'adu na asibiti, al'adu na tsinkin ruwa, kudun da suka kare gida.

Transformer mai zuba a yaki: Babu kariya na fuskanci, yana da kyau ga al'adu da suka yi amfani da HACCP, GMP, ko kariya na gida.

Ester Oil Transformer: Idan mahimmanta ko kariya ta nuna cewa oil-immersed shine mafi kyau, ester oils na natural/synthetic da kariya mai ƙarfi na safiya zasu ba da kariya mai kyau (90% a 28 rana) da kariya mai yawa da kariya na mineral oil.

Matsayin 5: Bayanai na farko ba aiki da kariya → Oil-Immersed Transformer

Karamin da suka dace:

Al'adu na karami zuwa wasu, masu kariya da kariya, ko al'adu na yanzu.

Dalilin da suka fuskanta:

• Kwayoyin da suka daga tsarin yaki na zazzau suna kuma 20%–40% ƙaranci ne daga kwayoyin da ba su daga tsarin yaki na zazzau wanda suka daga tsarin yaki na zazzau wanda suka daga tsarin yaki na zazzau

• Ya fito ga al'amari wanda ke da gida na gaba daya na substation

Aiki: Yi amfani da karamin bayani na karamin bayani (TCO)—karamin bayani na farko ya zama ƙaranci ko ya canza lokacin da aka yi amfani da karamin bayani na karamin bayani na kwayoyin da suka daga tsarin yaki na zazzau a cikin 25–30 shekara na amfani.

Al'amarin 6: Karamin bayani na karamin bayani → Yi amfani da karamin bayani a cikin kowane al'amari

Karamin bayani na kwayoyin da suka daga tsarin yaki na zazzau da kwayoyin da ba su daga tsarin yaki na zazzau yana bukatar karamin bayani da ba ta fuskanci karamin bayani na bayani:

Shawara: Yi amfani da tare da hisabinsa na TCO da kudin kudin elektrisiti na ku da zaman lafiya na project na ku yayin da ku sanya abin da ke cikin gaba

Amfani da wannan kaza don gano abin da ke cikin gaba:

Kamar yadda: Za a iya sauya transformer na dry-type a waje?

Ba a neman shi ne. Transformers na dry-type suna da kyau da dust, humidity, da temperature extremes. Kullun su ba su da sealing integrity wanda ke bukatar waje. Idan a sauya shi a waje ya zama babu wani hanyar baki, za a bukatar IP54 ko kamar haka da weatherproof enclosure, da kuma heating elements na sauya don kare condensation. Duk da wannan, za a iya samun karamin al'ada da karamin zaman lafiya.

Tambaya na biyu: Wane nawa na transformer ke da kariya mai yawa don ziyarce—dry-type ko oil-immersed?

Transformer na oil-immersed suna da kariya mai yawa don ziyarce. Kuma kariya na yin gaba daya na oil da kariya mai yawa na furo na hanyar rarraba jikin yaki suka ba shi damar samun ziyarce na farko ba tare nin yakin gaba daya mai yawa. A cikin rarraba, transformer na dry-type—kamar yadda ake amfani da cast-resin—sun dace ba don ziyarce ba tare nin yakin gaba daya mai yawa, kuma suka dace ba a amfani da su a cikin kariya na yin gaba daya ko ƙasa. Wani transformer na oil-immersed na farko zai iya ziyarce 20%–30% akan sa’atoli, amma wani transformer na dry-type zai iya ziyarce 10% kawai akan sa’atoli, tare da yadda yake a cikin gida.

Tambaya na uku: Me ya sa a hada transformer na dry-type ta fi kudin transformer na oil-immersed?

Karamin yana daga uku babban bayanai: (1) kayan aikin—epoxy resin, siffa mai ƙarfi na kariya, da copper windings mai kyau suna da karamin yadda suka yi; (2) tsarin aiki—VPI/VPE vacuum impregnation yana bukatar kayan aikin mai ƙarfi da tsarin tabbata na kwalitas; da (3) ekonomi na karami—produksi na oil-immersed transformer ya kashe gaba daya da sauri a cikin lokacin da aka yi shugaban kasa, wanda ya samu karamin yadda ya yi, amma dry-type yana zama babbar karamin mai kyau. Don hakan, don hanyar 1000kVA, karamin dry-type yana iya zama 30%–50% karanci ne ga oil-immersed.

Tambaya 4: Wani yadda ne karamin kuma na dry-type transformer?

Kammalinsan yadda ake iya amfani da transformerin da ba su da maya shine 1600kVA ta hanyar 10kV. Wani ma'ajin kuma yake iya samun 2500kVA ko 35kV, amma wadannan baya daga cikin wadanda aka saba. Masu tsara transformer suna gudanar da transformerin da su da maya don hanyoyin da ke fi 1600kVA. Wannan kammalin yadda ake iya amfani da shi shine babban sababin da suka yi amfani da transformerin da su da maya a cikin substations na utility, amma transformerin da ba su da maya suna taka cikin gida na karama wanda kammalinsu yana da zama ƙasa da 1600kVA.

Tambaya 5: Yaya yawa ne kamar yadda transformerin da su da maya suka bukata amfani?

Kullum suka yi amfani da transformer mai kwalla ta hanyar yin amfani da zaki: (1) yin tashin zaki a cikin shekara daya don Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) don gano kuskuren da suka faru, (2) yin amfani da tashin yadda zaki ya dace da tsarin kariya, (3) ganin kofin da kofin da suka yi (ta hanyar yin amfani da shekaru 3 zuwa 5), da (4) saita na silica gel na breather (yana da kyau a lokacin da aka bukata). A lokacin da suka faru kuskuren da suka dace da alama (yadda wani abu ya fi yadda wani abu, alama mai fuskanci), yin amfani da tashin da suka fi yadda wani abu ya dace. Amma, transformer mai kwalla ta hanyar yin amfani da zaki ba suka bukata kuma kuma yin amfani da tashin da suka fi yadda wani abu ya dace—kamar yadda wani abu ya dace a lokacin da suka faru shekara daya ko biyu.

Tambaya 6: Wane transformer ne mafi kyau don amfani a cikin data center?

Kullun data centers suka so transformers na dry-type. Dalilin su na kari: (1) ba a sami leakage na oil wacce zai cancels risk na contamination a yankin IT equipment mai kyau; (2) kuma a yi amfani da fire safety codes na data centers (misali: GB 50174-2017) wanda suke nuna cewa indoor distribution transformers suna bukatar in ba su flammable; (3) iya installation a cikin gida ta hanyar switchgear da UPS systems, wanda ya taimaka wajen rage floor space; (4) ya ba aminci ga ambient heat don yadda suka dace da oil-filled units da radiators. A large-scale hyperscale data centers inda capacity demands suka fi 1600kVA per transformer, industry standard shine a amfani da multiple paralleled dry-type units ba a canza zuwa oil-immersed designs.

Za a zaga amsa na dry-type vs. oil-immersed transformers shine amsa na kari na balancing na safety, cost, space, da operational priorities. Ba a sami technology mai kyau a dukkan lokaci—amintum kuma shine wanda ke dace da application na farko.

Abubuwan da za mu koya:

• Aikin lafiya na yara ce wani abu da ke farka. Masu kari transformer na dry-type suka kashe a cikin gida; masu kari transformer na oil-immersed suka kashe a ƙaraku ko a cikin substation na gaba daya—amma idan ester oils da yawa shine flash points suka kashe da suka yarda.

• Kudin kari ya zama abu da ke shirya. Don hankali na kari zuwa 1600kVA a 10kV, biyu ne na teknoliji suna iya amfani; dry-type ya fi dacewa don lafiya a cikin gida, yayin da oil-immersed ya ba da damar fayilai don amfani a ƙaraku. A wata farko, oil-immersed ce abu da ke amfani sosai.

• Kudin kari ya kashe a matsayin kudin kari na kasa, ba kudin bayani ba. Kudin kari na transformer na dry type vs oil immersed wanda ba suka saba kudin kari na kari, kudin kari na kari, da kudin kari na kari, yana da kudin kari. A gida na kasa mai yawa, lafiya da kudin kari na kari na dry-type suna iya nuna kudin bayani na yawa.

• Yi zama a cikin wannan shari: Idan transformer din ku ya kamata a cikin gida ko yana kusa da mutane, za a zauna dry-type. Idan za a iya sa a ƙasa ta hanyar wani yarda mai amfani da al'ada ko wani yarda mai amfani da al'ada, oil-immersed yana ba da kyau ga abu ne. A wani yanki da al'ada mai yawa, za a iya yi la'akari zuwa ga dry-type ko ester-filled oil-immersed options.

Samar da kammalawa: Koma a bude proses din ku na zauna ta hanyar fassara wurin da za a sa da shawara na kula da al'ada na tsohon rufe. Sannan za a duba bukatar kudin kira, bukatar bayanai na kudin kira, da kayan aiki na kula da al'ada. Kuma akwai kuma total cost of ownership analysis ta hanyar amfani da kudin kira na yankin ku. Ta hanyar wannan shari na kammala, za ku iya zauna transformer technology din ku ta hanyar kula da al'ada da suka dace da project din ku don kula da al'ada akan manyan shekara.